A Freelance Writers Portfolio

A Freelance Writers Portfolio While wandering into the universe of independent composition, most authors find that a differentiated portfolio in the distributing business is as significant all things considered in the monetary business. Except if you are one of those authors who can locate your own specialty and make moment progress there, having the option to write in any sort or style, anyplace, is practically indispensable to a consultants maturing profession. Not many scholars can quickly break into the business without related knowledge or distributing certifications, and the simplest method to accomplish both of these is to compose, compose, compose anything and everything.When an author figures out how to emulate different styles inside different kinds, the opportunities for a full-time profession recorded as a hard copy become more probable. Regardless of whether composing is a pastime, or something you are seeking after in school, having a portfolio that exhibits a range in capacity, style, and tone will just work furthering your potential benefit paying little mind to your future plans.Setting up a portfolio with a portion of your best work in every class encourages customers and distributers to see the scope of your capacity, and gives them certainty that you will have the option to create the substance they need, regardless of whether you have never composed something precisely like it.For most independent essayists, copywriting and deals duplicate is probably the simplest approaches to acquire a living. Subsequently, instances of your capacity to compose this sort of substance are pivotal as increments to your consultants portfolio. Copywriting can cover a scope of assignments-from site substance to Blogs to instructive articles-and the best marketing specialists must have the option to explore any given subject and produce quality, enlightening substance dependent on that exploration. Along these lines, having a couple of various instances of substance on a scope of points is important.Also, quite a bit of copywriting is catchphrase driven, implying that particular watchwords must be put all through the article or site so as to pull in online rush hour gridlock through web indexes. While there is a scarcely discernible difference between such a large number of watchwords and insufficient, most customers will need to see in any event a 3% proportion (this implies the catchphrases ought to be at any rate 3% of the all out word check). It may be a smart thought to incorporate one portfolio model with a higher proportion and one with a lower proportion to show that you can compose powerful substance with shifting catchphrase frequency.In expansion to content articles and deals duplicate, another feature of copywriting is the public statement. A blend of promoting technique and connecting with content, the public statement demonstrates your capacity to state a great deal inside a couple of words. An elegantly composed public statement additionally shows your capacity to factor in the crowd a significant aptitude for any essayist, paying little heed to the class or tone of the writing.Technical composing incorporates everything from copywriting to how-to manuals to introductions, and your portfolio ought to remember instances of any of your past work for these zones. A decent specialized author is one that has an exhaustive handle of language, brevity, and stream all characteristics that can without much of a stretch convert into increasingly inventive ventures.You ought to likewise have instances of exploratory writing in your portfolio, regardless of whether you intend to concentrate your independent profession on specialized composing assignments. Exploratory writing permits customers to have a brief look into your character and drive as an author, and will in general exhibit a greater amount of your persona than that which is appeared in your specialized composing examples.Regardless of how everyday, or apparently un-innovative their undertakings may be, customers know that any essayist must have a specific level of creative mind and vision so as to deliver quality work. Exploratory writing inside your consultants portfolio permits them to see these things in you. Some incredible experimental writing increases to your portfolio would be opinion piece (inverse publication) pieces, magazine articles, imaginative Blogs, or short stories.Also, numerous customers searching for an independent essayist are keen on somebody to secretly compose a work of fiction or verifiable for them, and will need to see your capacities on the inventive front for composing a book-When wandering into the universe of independent composition, most scholars find that an enhanced portfolio in the distributing business is as significant for what it's worth in the money related industry. Except if you are one of those scholars who can locate your own specialty and make moment progress there, having the option to write in any type or style, a nyplace, is fundamental to a consultants maturing career.The mystery to breaking into the industryVery not many journalists can promptly break into the business without related knowledge or distributing certifications, and the most straightforward approach to achieve both of these is to compose, compose, compose everything without exception! At the point when an author figures out how to imitate different styles inside numerous classifications, the opportunities for a full-time profession recorded as a hard copy become almost certain. Regardless of whether composing is a leisure activity, or something you are seeking after in school, having a portfolio that shows a range in capacity, style, and tone will just work furthering your potential benefit paying little heed to your future plans.Why you need a portfolio as a copywriterSetting up a portfolio with a portion of your best work in every type causes customers and distributers to see the scope of your capacity, and gives them certa inty that you will have the option to deliver the substance they need, regardless of whether you have never composed something precisely like it. For most independent scholars, copywriting and deals duplicate is perhaps the simplest approaches to acquire a living. Along these lines, instances of your capacity to compose this sort of substance are essential as increments to your consultants portfolio.Copywriting can cover a scope of assignments-from site substance to sites to instructive articles-and the best marketing specialists must have the option to examine any given subject and produce quality, useful substance dependent on that examination. In this way, having a couple of various instances of substance on a scope of points is important.Keyword frequencyAlso, quite a bit of copywriting is watchword driven, implying that particular catchphrases must be set all through the article or site so as to draw in online rush hour gridlock through web indexes. While there is a scarce diff erence between an excessive number of catchphrases and insufficient, most customers will need to see in any event a 3% proportion (this implies the watchwords ought to be in any event 3% of the complete word tally). It may be a smart thought to incorporate one portfolio model with a higher proportion and one with a lower proportion to show that you can compose compelling substance with changing watchword frequency.Press releaseIn expansion to content articles and deals duplicate, another feature of copywriting is the official statement. A blend of showcasing procedure and drawing in content, the public statement demonstrates your capacity to state a great deal inside a couple of words. An elegantly composed official statement likewise exhibits your capacity to factor in the crowd a significant aptitude for any essayist, paying little mind to the class or tone of the writing.Technical writingTechnical composing envelops everything from copywriting to how-to manuals to introductions, and your portfolio ought to remember instances of any of your past work for these zones. A decent specialized author is one that has an exhaustive handle of language, compactness, and stream all characteristics that can without much of a stretch convert into progressively inventive ventures.Creative writingYou ought to likewise have instances of experimental writing in your portfolio, regardless of whether you intend to concentrate your independent profession on specialized composing assignments. Experimental writing permits customers to have a brief look into your character and drive as an author, and will in general exhibit a greater amount of your persona than that which is appeared in your specialized composing examples.Regardless of how commonplace, or apparently un-inventive their tasks may be, customers know that any essayist must have a specific level of creative mind and vision so as to deliver quality work. Exploratory writing inside your consultants portfolio permits them to see these things in you. Some incredible experimental writing increases to your portfolio would be commentary (inverse publication) pieces, magazine articles, inventive online journals, or short stories.GhostwritingAlso, numerous customers searching for an independent essayist are keen on somebody to secretly compose a work of fiction or verifiable for them, and will need to see your capacities on the imaginative front for composing a book-length composition. Remembering a model section for your portfolio would be an incredible method to show them your capacities on this front. In the event that conceivable, attempt to incorporate two sections one for a work of fiction and one for a work of true to life. In the event that you have not recently composed a whole part, consider doing as such for the sole reason for incorporation in your independent essayists portfolio. The open doors for professional writers are, now and again, more noteworthy than those accessible to publicists, a nd the compensation is frequently better as an additional bonus.Your business card and resume wrapped into oneAs an independent author, your portfolio is your business card and resume wrapped into one. It is an open door for you to feature your capacities, notwithstanding your scope of aptitude recorded as a hard copy. In a similar sense that introduction is vital to any early introduction, be certain that the things in your portfolio are perfectly altered and arranged into a simple to-understand textual style. You could have all the aptitudes a customer is searching for, yet without the correct introduction of those abilities, you could in all likelihood be overlooked.Finally, think about your portfolio as a work in progress. At the point when you compose something that is distributed make certain to incorporate it, alongside all data with respect to when and where it was distributed. It is additionally a smart thought to incorporate a duplicate of the first article on the off chan ce that you were distributed in a provincial or national magazine or paper. Regularly, the venturing stones into the universe of distributing are the little accomplishments youve made en route.

Kant’s Approach to Resolving War in Iraq Essay

Five years after the Iraq war had started, policymakers are as yet searching for answers on the best way to achieve a goals to that specific clash. It has been a hot political race subject among applicants of both the Republican and Democratic gatherings in the United States. A portion of the arrangement choices introduced run from a momentary duty remain in Iraq to a drawn out responsibility of around a hundred years of occupation. It is in this light this paper might want to contend that compromise systems dependent on Kantian beliefs gives the best would like to long haul harmony in Iraq and the remainder of the world. In this paper, two notable works of Immanuel Kant will be used so as to give the hypothetical support to conceivable compromise methodologies. These works incorporate his exemplary â€Å"Was ist Aufklarung? † or â€Å"What is Enlightenment? † and Perpetual Peace: A Philosophical Sketch. These works have produced a lot of subsequent talks and understandings. It will be contended here that these works give a sharp scrutinize with respect to starting United States approach before the war in Iraq just as the US’s ensuing strategy in attempting to democratize Iraq. This paper likewise proposes that a usage of Kant’s idea of republicanism and its appropriate application can make the ideal changes in the political frameworks in the Middle East. Such information claims warrant a conversation of the thoughts introduced in Kant’s articles. Focault (1978) saw Kant’s thought of edification as a type of opportunity. Youthfulness is the condition whereupon man must break free. Adolescence happens when we don't utilize our forces of reason on the most proficient method to manage issues and rather become apathetic and substitute our obligation to think with a dependence on figures of expert for their understanding of reality. Kant accepts that it is the obligation of a person to look for edification. As indicated by Focault, Kant moves each and everybody to turn out to be genuinely mindful of the real factors that encompass us. This test is encapsulated in Kant’s popular maxim â€Å"Aude sapere† which actually implies have the mental fortitude to know. Examining the activities of the American government and its choice to take up arms in Iraq and its resulting association in the common war that has followed, one can contend this happened Kant himself would be terrified that the way to harmony that he imagined was not trailed by the Americans. For one, they need illumination. A considerable lot of them didn't move themselves to know the truth they were going to get themselves into. Many had recently acknowledged the variant of reality that was foisted by the Bush Administration. At the point when the US government said that they have strong proof that there were weapons of mass obliteration in Iraq, lawmakers from the two significant gatherings acknowledged this and upheld the choice to do battle in Iraq. Something else is that they abused Kant’s starter article on interminable harmony that unequivocally denied impedance in the inside issues of another legislature. The main exemption to this standard as per Kant is if the nation had been part into two during a time of insurgency. Such was clearly not the underlying case in Iraq preceding the subsequent inlet war. A long time later, no weapons of mass annihilation were ever found while the war has guaranteed a huge number of military and regular citizen losses. The war proceeds with practically day by day episodes of bombings by civilian army powers. Such outcomes could most likely have been maintained a strategic distance from had more individuals displayed more prominent distrust and not promptly gave up their ability for judgment to a legislature that needed to act so quickly. The American individuals can't just reprimand their administration for misdirecting them towards getting associated with the war in Iraq. On the off chance that they imagine that the issue in Iraq is expected distinctly to the bumbles submitted by the current US government, they need to reevaluate that thought. Kant himself infers that on the off chance that one is confronted with such open circumstances, one must have the boldness to know the genuine circumstance and apply every single imaginable exertion to accomplish this illumination. Kant was persuaded that one can't dodge one’s duty to practice his capacity of reason. The main time that an individual can be permitted constrained utilization of his explanation is on the off chance that he was a piece of a framework that sets confinements on the things that he can do. One model would be that of an officer who can't practice his capacity of thinking opposite his authority in light of the fact that the association that he has a place with outlines the scrutinizing that he can do. His capacity to practice fortitude to know the levelheadedness behind his requests is subsequently limited. This qualification was made unequivocal by Kant when he depicted this circumstance as the accommodating utilization of reason in light of the fact that the individual is considered as a gear-tooth in a machine. This isn't the situation with the discussion and ensuing activities on Iraq. This is on the grounds that the circumstance can be considered as open in nature. At the point when this occurs, an individual must exploit the free exercise of reason. One must scrutinize the professions made so as to distil reality that is regularly muddled by divided political interests. The inability to discover weapons of mass devastation has been eclipsed by the now progressively articulated objective of changing Iraq into a suitable majority rules system. Here again we can discover valuable the idea of edification as upheld by Kant. The US government is attempting to persuade its residents and individuals around the globe that vote based system can flourish in Iraq despite the fact that it has in every practical sense remotely forced majority rules system upon the Iraqis. The US government focuses to the instances of post war Germany and Japan as instances of fruitful democratization endeavors. Numerous American don't address if the conditions that were helpful for the democratization endeavors around then are available or if not could be imitated in the circumstance in Iraq. Lawmakers attempt to sell the possibility that on the off chance that they were fruitful before they could do it again on account of Iraq. Again individuals around the globe demonstrate the veracity of the youthfulness being displayed by numerous individuals in America. There must likewise be an acknowledgment that the accomplishment of harmony in Iraq can't be accomplished in the short run. This is on the grounds that it requires at some point for exertion to move towards a republican plan to pick up money and become imbued in the cognizance of people. The way toward uniting endeavors toward accomplishing republicanism is probably going to keep going for a very long while. By all signs, this is the possible direction of the political circumstance in Iraq; yet a great deal of Americans are imagining that they should simply get out rather rapidly from the chaos that they themselves began. This kind of reasoning I contend is another type of give up to the thoughts being hawked by some prominent legislators without the advantage of exposing such plans to a thorough hypothetical and experimental investigation. It very well may be reasoned from Kant’s â€Å"Perpetual Peace† that the answer for the war in Iraq lies in the reception of republicanism. Republicanism is characterized here as a type of government that is agent in character. The thought is that the agent character of a republican government makes it very trouble to take up arms upon another nation. Harmony is thusly ensured under this new political set-up. Along these lines, in a general public that is tormented by common war, intermittently it gets convenient to fall back on handy solutions for accomplishing impermanent harmony. The inconvenience of a political framework is one such handy solution. This is the thing that Kant cautions us that â€Å"methods of convenience precluding all reference to the unadulterated down to earth reason, can just achieve a re-game plan of conditions in the mechanical course of nature. They can never ensure the accomplishment of their ends†. Sorli et al (2005) cautions that the American system in Iraq isn't going to fundamentally improve the political conditions in the Middle East as the Bush Administration imagines it to be. This issue turns out to be much increasingly striking on the off chance that you take a gander at the twofold standard that the present American government appears to apply if there should be an occurrence of Iraq where it requests popular government while persistently supporting dictator systems in the area that help their international strategy (Sorli et. al, 2005,160). Americans imagine that since Iraq presently has a similarity to a just government in view of the formation of the US - supported parliamentary political race, the Iraqis would quickly become accomplices in making a world that is protected and that is deprived of war. This is a horribly mixed up idea in light of the fact that the way toward turning into a majority rules system with a delegate type of government has not been acknowledged by a huge bit of the populace in that creating nation. This view is additionally bolstered by Gartzke (2005) who gave an expression of alert that pushing nations to become majority rule governments doesn't help make a steady and quiet global network. Gartzke further includes that a multi-faceted methodology is required so as to produce the strength required in a nation that is experiencing system change (Gartzke,2005,29). In the event that there is to be harmony in Iraq and for that nation is to turn into an accomplice in cultivating harmony around the globe, the activity must originate from its residents to see the accomplishment of harmony as their obligation. The motivation behind why it is critical to such an extent that the feeling of obligation must originate from the Iraqi residents is a direct result of the probability of dutifulness to the standard of never-ending harmony can be significantly expanded if this were the situation. In the event that the Iraqi individuals consider never-ending to be as their definitive target and on the off chance that the legislature has a similar extreme goal, at that point this would ensure the acquiescence of the Iraqi residents. Difficulties to the new vote based government could be radically diminished if such a mutual vision of things to come can be accomplished among the various partners in the circumstance in Iraq. In addition, K

A Comparison of Female Leads Agnès and Nora - Literature Essay Samples

Moliere’s The School for Wives and Ibsen’s A Doll’s House were written centuries apart, but both have plots that feature women in less-than-ideal situations that defy social norms in order to get out of it. School for Wives is a comedy, and A Doll’s House is a drama, yet comparisons between the two reveal strong similarities regarding themes of deception, defiance, and love, or the lack of it. They are plays about the gap between expectation and reality when it comes to love and marriage. They are about men who expect submission, fragility, and naivety from their wives, and are shocked and upset when they are faced with anything contrary to their expectations. Ultimately, the women in both plays get the chance to break through the strict rules of femininity set upon women at the time. What makes these two plays different is the way that this self-actualization comes to these women and how much they sacrifice to get it. According to both plays, an ideal wife should honor and obey their husbands, because their husbands are the ones who are supposed to educate them. Education is a key plot point in both plays. The central female, Agnà ¨s, in Molià ¨re’s The School for Wives, is expected by Arnolphe to read and obey The Maxims of Marriage because he is trying to prepare her for marriage to him. Essentially, she has been conditioned her entire life to please him in the future. She is only given education that he provided for her, and she really does end up naive, simple, and innocent, just the way Arnolphe wants her. She does speak of the way she resents her †ªoblivion†¬ and is aware of it, but plot-wise, she isn’t able to do much about it. Molià ¨re really lays the entire concept of female submission down for the reader and helps us to understand that in the world of this play, marriage is a compromise of the woman’s entire self, and little sacrifice for the man. This idea is confirmed when Arnolphe clearly gets bored of reading all the Maxims with Agnà ¨s and tells her to finish reading what we assume to be a lengthy list of rules while he goes off to attend to some business. As much as the reader wants Agnà ¨s to be self sufficient and smart and get herself out of that situation, she really doesn’t know much better. Agnà ¨s really doesn’t know what love is until Horace comes along and infatuates her, and even then, one could argue that she still doesn’t understand love, but Horace is all she has to base her knowledge on, so she falls for him instantly. She starts to pursue these feelings and is liberated by them not by her own doing, but by a surprising and convenient appearance by her real father, and through his interference she is able to wed Horace. The audience roots for Agnà ¨s, but in the end, it wasn’t by much of her own doing that she came to be free to make her own choices and be with Horace. In regards to the plot, most of the decisions that she makes are made with the influence of an outside force. Her one big decision is to send a love message to Horace down with the brick of rejection Arnolphe made her throw down to him. From that point on, its Horace’s courtship, Arnolphe’s failure to court Agnà ¨s, and Enrique’s intervention that help Agnà ¨s get what she wants. This is either very smart or very sexist writing on Molià ¨re’s part. Ideally, Molià ¨re did in fact write an intentional social commentary on how everything in a woman’s life, whether happiness or unhappiness, is dependent on a male and the decisions he makes for her; even if a woman ends up with what she wants, it was never her choice to determine her future because of the extremely patriarchal society that controlled the every move of women. In A Doll’s House, we have a woman as the central character, instead of a woman as a featured character who things happen to. Nora has an interesting point of view because she is given more room to navigate her own life, but she doesn’t realize until the end that it was all within a certain limitations placed upon her by the men in her life, her father and her husband. Nora, at her core, isn’t the submissive, obedient wife that Molià ¨re describes with the Maxims in School for Wives, though she has functioned as one for so long. Unlike Agnà ¨s, she is able to make more risky and self-motivated decisions, like the loan she took out to save her husbands life, the several tactics that she tries to keep him from finding out her secret, and the final choice she makes to leave him. Nora’s inner conflict is center to the plot of the play- Agnà ¨s wasn’t written to have this kind of inner journey. Nora’s secret is her pride and joy, something that fulfilled her and made her feel smart, and yet we continue to see her put down by her husband in every other sentence he speaks to her. Ibsen carefully constructed these first few pages of the show so that the audience will understand her intellectual capabilities from the first few start, though it takes Helmer eight years of marriage, and he still doesn’t understand her by the end of the play. The topic of education rolls around in the final scenes, during a discussion between Nora and her husband. She is about to leave him, and he still is certain that he, as a man, will be able to educate her on how to â€Å"be a fit wife† for him, and somehow fix the entire situation with his superiority. Nora realizes there is no way to take back what he said, no way to reverse his anger at the actions she took to literally save his life, and no way to become truly educated other than by her own terms (â€Å"I must try to educate myself. You are not the man to help me in thatâ € ). Through the structure of Ibsen’s plot, though it ends in isolation and sadness instead of a pending marriage, like in School for Wives, this play stands out because it’s the woman who simultaneously loses everything and still gain so much. It’s her decision to lose her children, but it’s also her decision to find herself. For the first time in her life, she isn’t being led blindly or treated like a fragile little doll for men to play with or observe for their own amusement. Ibsen was concerned with promoting ideals of freedom and change through the conflict in A Doll’s House. Molià ¨re’s play was meant to show through mayhem and deception what can happen when freedom and change are ignored as possibilities. Though they go about it in different ways in completely different genres, both plays can support a feminist argument that women are capable of more than men think they are and should be allowed to choose their own fates rather than let them be determined by men, as they have been for so long.

Compare How ‘Who’s for the Game’ and ‘Dulce Et Decorum...

Compare how ‘Who’s for the Game?’ and ‘Dulce et Decorum Est’ present war and how they reflect the authors view point. ‘Who’s for the Game?’ was written by Jessie Pope in 1915 (At the beginning of the First World War). Jessie Pope was an English poet who began writing for Punch; between 1902 and 1922 she supplied 170 poems to the magazine. She was a prolific writer of humorous verse, articles, and short stories, which were published in many newspapers including the Daily Mail, the Daily Express, the Evening Standard, The Queen, and the Westminster Gazette. The purpose of the poem ‘Who’s for the game?’ is to persuade men to become part of the army and fight for England. The main message in this poem is if you join the army then you will†¦show more content†¦In Dulce et Decorum est the metaphor as under a green sea, I saw him drowning shows a sense of panic and horror. The word green implies that he is qui te alienated. The word drowning creates a disturbing image in the readers mind which expresses the reality to them. It also creates a sense of despair and claustrophobia and makes the audience obtain this feeling for themselves. In Dulce et decorum est the structure makes the poem resemble more to an essay. The lines are mostly longer. However Wilfred Owen includes some short sentences such as â€Å"gas! GAS! Quick boys!† which capture our attention and creates a serious atmosphere. It also has a very slow pace and therefore some words have a guttural effect guttering, chocking, drowning These words are spoken form the back of your throat which makes the meaning of the words apply into your voice. In whos for the game the stanzas are quite short unlike Wilfred Owens. Jessie Pope creates a more pleasant atmosphere using short sentences throughout her poem, for example â€Å"Wholl give his country a hand† and this makes the poem more noticeable. The words are mainly one syllable long which makes it more flowing; the rhymes also contribute to the simple

Is Beowulf a Hero - 2129 Words

Is Beowulf a hero? It is vital when approaching the question of whether or not Beowulf can be viewed as a hero to attempt to understand the concept of a ‘hero. Joseph Campbell, the American theorist, studied mythological characters and texts in great detail and developed the concept of the monomyth (or Heros Journey) which he suggested all heroes undertook: A hero ventures forth from the world of common day into a region of supernatural wonder: fabulous forces are there encountered and a decisive victory is won: the hero comes back from this mysterious adventure with the power to bestow boons on his fellow men. If we are to take this statement as being accurate it is fair to say that at least in so far as what actually occurs in†¦show more content†¦Shortly before his contest with Grendels mother we are told he is ‘indifferent to death a point which is exemplified when prior to the fight he sets out his wishes to Hrothgar for what should be done should he perish. He is not arrogant enough to assume victory is assured and yet he is also courageous enough to not fear the possibility of defeat. In Seamus Heaneys translation of Beowulf we constantly see him referring to the great Geat as a hero. For instance ‘the hero arose and ‘heros helmet are but two of the references made. Although it is a hugely contentious issue, if we are to assume that Heaney is attempting, if only on the point of calling Beowulf a hero within the actual translated text, to give as direct a translation as is possible then it would seem apparent that the original author was making no secret of the fact he wanted him to be seen in this way too. There have been many criticisms of the character of Beowulf that highlight certain traits which could point away from the notion of him being a hero. One such idea is that he fought the monsters chiefly for personal reasons: ‘Beowulf steadily shifts from a primarily defensive role to an aggressive one, motivated to varying degrees in each of his battles by thoughts of glory, vengeance and treasure It is particularly the stance that Beowulf was motivated by thoughts of glory that I believe endangers the belief that he was a hero.Show MoreRelatedBeowulf Is A Hero Of Beowulf1017 Words   |  5 PagesIn the movie and book Beowulf, Beowulf represents a hero. Beowulf is like our modern day heroes, firefighters, policemen, military men, doctors and EMT’s. All of these men do the same thing as Beowulf did in the movie. The fight the villains and protect the innocent. Beowulf had super strength to help him defeat the villains and protect the innocent. I have heard moreover that the monster scorns in his reckless way to use weapons; therefore, to heighten Hygelac s fame and gladden his heart, I herebyRead MoreBeowulf : A Hero Or Hero?1092 Words   |  5 PagesCole Jackson Miss Sibbach Honors English IV 10 December, 2014 To Be a Hero, or To Not Be a Hero Countless people have tried to say that Beowulf represents the qualities required of an epic hero, but many people also suggest that Beowulf does not show any of these qualities. While Beowulf shows heroic characteristics in all of his acts, both pride and greed motivate his actions. The story of Beowulf contains all of the information needed to show this, but people do not notice that which they do notRead MoreBeowulf the Hero1005 Words   |  5 PagesBeowulf The Hero â€Å"†¦ A fiend out of hell†(Heaney 100). These words describe the monster Grendel, who is truly an evil entity. Only an epic hero with strength, courage and confidence is able to defeat this mighty foe. This hero’s name is Beowulf. He displays all of these throughout the epic. Beowulf’s first epic hero trait is confidence. Beowulf displays confidence when he talked to Unferth in the great hall Heorot. Beowulf said, â€Å"†¦but he will find me different. I will show him how Geats shapeRead MoreHero and Beowulf1625 Words   |  7 PagesThe hero is an age-old concept that describes someone that will defend their honor to the end. In Beowulf, the author portrays the warrior Beowulf and his three battles in such a way as to clearly define what it means to be a hero. Fred Robinson and J. R. R. Tolkien addressed heroism in Beowulf regarding the warrior’s traits, as well as his battles and burial. The author of Beowulf defines the hero through Beowulf’s three battles with Grendel, Grendel’s mother, and the dragon. In this poem, eachRead MoreBeowulf As A Hero1716 Words   |  7 PagesThe concept of hero is never outdated in literary. 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These heroes show that it s more than the cape or armour they wear, they show the true meaning of a hero by definingRead MoreA Hero : A Comparison Of The Hero Of Beowulf884 Words   |  4 Pages or Ulysses. Beowulf is a great example of one of the early heroes written about. But what is a hero? The Merriam-Webster Dictionary defines a hero as: an object of extreme admiration and devotion; a mythological or legendary figure often of divine descent endowed with great strength or ability. Beowulf has many of these characteristics including great strength, and is portrayed as a legendary figure by tho se who look up to him. Through the entire poem, he is the epitome of a hero and displaysRead More Beowulf: A Hero Essay782 Words   |  4 PagesBeowulf: A Hero Beowulf is a hero during the Middle Ages because of his generosity, strength, power, and courage. A hero is one who places himself or herself at great risk while performing acts of courage. Beowulf is a hero that put his life on the line for an entire kingdom. He has heroic and superhuman qualities. He must prove his worthiness of a superior warrior. He is recognized for his strengths and power of protecting his people. Beowulf is faced with three forces to fight, Grendel (a monster)Read MoreBeowulf Hero Analysis757 Words   |  4 Pages  Ã‚  Ã‚   To Joseph Campbell a hero is an individual who is able to depart from his or her ordinary life for the sake of helping others in an opposite world. Campbell portrays his idea of a hero by utilizing the title character in Beowulf. Beowulf demonstrates many of Campbells stages of a hero through his strategic actions, his love for justice, and most importantly through his extraordinary strength.   Ã‚  Ã‚   The hero Beowulf, is the â€Å"strongest of the Geats-greater/ And stronger than anyone anywhere in thisRead MoreBeowulf Is a Hero Essay877 Words   |  4 PagesBeowulf Essay Every epic hero possesses certain heroic characteristics. The epic poem Beowulf describes the most heroic man of the Anglo-Saxon times. Beowulf is the hero. He shows that he is a great man by always putting other things before his own needs. He is important and needed by his people and is known by many as a strong, courageous and a helpful person. He shows all of the qualities and traits that a true hero possesses. Beowulf, like other epic heroes, possesses the following heroic qualities:

Mobile Network Communications and Telematics †MyAssignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about the Mobile Network Communications and Telematics. Answer: Introduction: Under the BYOD scheme, the employees of Aztek will be granted with the permission to bring and use their devices in office for the execution and completion of office related tasks. Aztek is an Australian firm and there are no particular laws that have been set up in Australia for the surveillance of the employee devices in case of the outsourcing. There is no specific governance policy set up; however, the finance industry does have certain rules and guidelines in place. These specific rules around finance will be applicable as per the territory of operation by Aztek which would either be South Wales or it would be Australian Capital. There is a government body called Australian Securities and Investment Commission (ASIC) that governs the financial activities at the federal level in Australia along with the state and territory levels. An e-payments code is also defined under ASIC for the tracking, management and regulation of the electronic payments (Asic, 2017). If the organizations allow its employees to use or access the organizational components such as specific tools or applications outside of the office boundaries, then the Government of Australia provides them with the permission to carry out surveillance on such activities executed by the employees. There is act that has been set up for this purpose called NSW Act. The employee activities will be monitored by Aztek as per the principles under this act and also, the employees will be prevented from sharing the specific organizational details with any external entity. There are specific applications and software that can also be used for tracking of these activities. Workplace Privacy Act 2011 is an act that defined the steps that an organization may take to track and monitor the emails that are sent by the employees for sharing the organizational information. The logs of the mail server are captured and reviewed as per the norms of this act defined by Australian Government (Act, 2016). There are various unknown and unwanted communications that often take place in organizations that lead to the occurrence of security attacks. Telecommunications Act 1979 was defined to put a check on such activities by tracking and monitoring the communication integrity (Coe, 2011). It shall also be monitored by the rules under Intellectual Property. The privacy of the information associated with Aztek can also be secured and protected by the norms of Privacy Act (APP 5). It states that the employee-owned devices must never have the private or sensitive information of the company or any of its stakeholders. The access rights shall be provided only on the basis of the use role and any suspicious activity shall be immediately reported to the concerned authorities for information protection (Oaic, 2014). Security Posture Review of Aztek Many of the prevailing security norms and principles at Aztek shall be analyzed and updated after the implementation of BYOD in the company. Some of these updates will revolve around the security and usage of mobile devices, geographical strategies and security methods in general. The legal and political policies and rules that Aztek shall follow have been discussed in the section above. Security is another area in which there shall be certain modifications that must be made. After an analysis of the security aspect and status of Aztek, there are a few loopholes that have been observed. The organization is still using the old desktops, computer systems and networking devices that are based upon the outdated technology. It is also difficult or impossible to upgrade these systems to the latest concepts and advancements and this may lead to the emergence of many security attacks. The company is still using magnetic cards and readers for the purpose of identification of the resources and their identity. There shall be use of advanced measures for this purpose and it shall include the biometric recognition. Most of the servers, applications and systems are present in-house in Aztek. This may possess a great risk from the security point of view as there is a single failure point associated. There shall be use of virtual spaces and third party suppliers for server locations. Many updates need to be done on the legacy systems and databases also. The replacement of the devices all at once will demand a huge investment for Aztek. They should make sure that the replacement is done but it shall be carried out in a series of phases. This will ensure that the expenses can be easily met. The use of BYOD will ensure that the business continuity is maintained. Security of the Devices and Information For the organizations in which there is a single supplier or provider of all the devices and systems, the control and management in terms of security and tracking becomes easy. There are uniform policies that can be implemented so that the security is maintained. In the case of organizations that use outsourcing of the devices or systems, maintenance of security is rather difficult. In Aztek, employees will have the permission to get their devices as work. These devices will have varying properties and nature along with varied security capabilities and status. The application of a single policy to secure all these devices will not be a possibility. Therefore, development of suitable and proactive strategies will be required for the management and safety of all the devices and information (Curran, Maynes and Harkin, 2015). In case of Aztek, the common approaches that the organizations adapt to like locking of the devices beyond office network etc. would not work. The devices are the personal properties of the employees and they will have the right to use them outside of the office. The security strategies to be implemented will be required to be flexible and adaptable. One of the controls that may be applied may be in the form of restriction on usage of critical organizational applications beyond office network (Gillies, 2016). The devices of the employees will also bring in many attacks and risks from the security perspective. These devices may get broken, stolen or may also get lost. In case of their connectivity with the VPN at the time of any of such incident, the information will get disclosed to the party that may access the device. There shall be use of advanced trackers to track the devices in such events. Issues around authority and ownership may also come up in this case. The employees would want complete authority on their devices and may attempt to jailbreak the same to avoid the security controls set up by the organization. This would be hazardous for the device and for the security as well. This may lead to avoidance by the employees to bring and use their devices in office (Tokuyoshi, 2013). The device and information security shall be enhanced by restricting to some of the basic principles and mechanisms towards security. An analysis and investigation of the complete device and its properties must be done in adherence to the security policies of Aztek before it is approved for the usage. There shall be use of automated applications and trackers for the management of mobile devices. Remote management of the devices must be allowed along with the ability to wipe out all the information remotely. Critical and sensitive applications must not be accessible from the networks that are outside of the office location or VPN (Beckett, 2014). The applications that would belong to Aztek may get adversely impacted by mainly two forms of risks. These include malware threats and attacks along with the security weaknesses. There are several controls that are present for the avoidance and prevention of these two risk categories (Romer, 2014). The devices and the applications that are installed in these devices must always be scanned and updated to avoid security risks. Risk Assessment The process for risk assessment that shall be used in the case of Aztek shall have the framework which should include the definition of all the functionalities along with the categories that must be specified in terms of security and associated references. The process of security and risk management must include the identification, protection of the assets, control of the access, identification of the incidents, response planning and data recovery. The security measures must make sure that the information in the database and the one that is transmitted on the networks is secured and protected. There are various standards that have been set up to identify the security status of a particular organization. Tier 1: It is the security status of the organization in which the assets are partially protected and there are no formal definitions of the controls and measures to be applied. Tier 2: It is the security status in which the identification of the risks is completed and a formal definition is in place for the management of the risks. Tier 3: It is the state in which the leadership and management provide a go ahead on the security steps to be taken and the use of methods is also explained clearly. Tier 4: It is the state in which proactive and adaptive measures are taken that is ad-hoc in nature and there is no constant policy for the management of the risks. However, any of the risk or attack can be tackled in this state. Tier-4 is the state at which Aztek must work upon in order to reach so that the risks associated with the devices of the employees can be handled. The threats landscape is very dynamic in this case and would be possible to be handled only by the security mechanisms as defined under tier-4 (Singh et al., 2014). TVA Analysis (Threat Vulnerability Assessment) Name of the Risk Impact of the risk (5 being highest) Likelihood of the risk (5 being highest) Risk Ranking (Impact x Likelihood) Recommended strategy for risk control and management Breaching of the data and information sets 4 5 20 Avoidance strategy for the risks and attacks Leakage of the data and information sets 5 3 15 Avoidance strategy for the risks and attacks Loss of the data and information sets 5 3 15 Avoidance strategy for the risks and attacks Device loss or stealing 5 1 5 Mitigation strategy for the risks and attacks Insider Attacks Deliberate or Accidental 4 3 12 Transfer strategy for the risks and attacks Man in the Middle Attacks 4 4 16 Avoidance strategy for the risks and attacks IP Spoofing Threats 3 3 9 Avoidance strategy for the risks and attacks Exploitation of system and application vulnerabilities 4 3 12 Avoidance strategy for the risks and attacks Hacking of accounts 4 4 16 Mitigation strategy for the risks and attacks Denial of Service and distributed denial of service attacks 5 4 20 Avoidance strategy for the risks and attacks Malware Threats Virus, Worms, Ransomware, Logic Bombs, Spyware, Adware, Trojan Horses 4 4 16 Avoidance strategy for the risks and attacks Routing Control 4 2 8 Mitigation strategy for the risks and attacks Traffic Analysis and Monitoring 4 2 8 Avoidance strategy for the risks and attacks Social Engineering Risks and threats 4 3 12 Mitigation strategy for the risks and attacks Table 1: Risk Register for BYOD Countermeasures and Security Steps Many different countermeasures can be applied to control the risks and threats listed above in the table. Aztek must carry out a detailed planning for the management of the risks by defining the scopes, objectives and the goals that must be set up in terms of the BYOD scheme. The use of networks and the range of the devices must be considered for this. The prioritization in terms of the application of the treatment strategy or the handling of the identified risks must be set up. There shall be measures that must be taken for the analysis of the setting up of the priorities (Kumar and Singh, 2015). The risks that may have a higher likelihood of occurrence along with a higher impact especially on the sensitive data sets must be separately handled. These risks shall be treated with the highest priority. A mapping of the risks with the countermeasures to be applied shall be done. Not all the risks can be handled by using administrative checks only and not all of them would require extensive technical control. Such situations shall be decided on the basis of the type of risk (Stoecklin et al., 2016). There are many different types of controls that have been created for the purpose of risk handling and management. These control types along with their applicability has been described below. Preventive Controls: These are the types of controls which shall be applied for the enhancement of the basic security for the avoidance of the attacks from occurring in Aztek. The mechanisms like firewalls, access control and proxy servers would be included in this category. Detective Controls: The preventive controls may not always be successful and the malicious attackers may give shape to the attacks. The controls like intrusion detection, integrity checks along with maintenance of security logs shall be done for the detection of the attacks. Corrective Controls: In spite of the attack prevention and detection, the occurrence of the attacks may not be possible to be avoided. There are corrective controls that shall be applied in this case so that the damage can be controlled and corrected, for instance, information encryption (Blizzard, 2015). Deterrent Controls: The malicious entities must be made aware of the organization capabilities and readiness towards the attacks by informing them about the controls that they have taken. All of the policies and controls will be included in this category. Recovery Controls: Aztek must take the back up of their data sets so that in case of a risk occurrence, the damage is controlled and the recovery of the information sets and systems is possible. These controls would be included under this category. Compensating Controls: There can be use of alternate security controls in case of scenarios like unavailability of the desired control and likewise. These compensation controls shall be used in such cases. Data Information Security There are various assets that Aztek handles and manages. One of the most important and significant asset for the organization is its data sets. Out of the risks that have been listed in the risk assessment section of the report above, there are many risks that are specific only to the data and information security. There are many controls that can be applied for the purpose of securing the data like implementation of advanced access control mechanisms, recording and resolution of the incidents that are reported by the users, adherence to the best practices and standards, implementation of anti-malware packages and many others. The use of encryption techniques and user awareness sessions must be carried out as well. The data breaches in Aztek may occur due to several causes like malicious codes or attacks, system errors or user errors. With the implementation of the BYOD scheme, there will be many new forms of data security risks and attacks that will emerge. There will be increased likelihood of such attacks and the attacking surface will also enhance. It will be necessary to use advanced data protection and end-to-end security mechanisms. The employees may also be the carriers of the threats as they may disclose the information to the unauthorized entities or may also lead to device mismanagement. The security policies must be created for the protection of these forms of attacks as well. The employees shall be provided with the training sessions so that they may be aware of the risks and attacks that may occur. Many of the severe impacts may result out of these attacks in the form of legal risks and financial implications. The following measures must be taken for the protection of data and information. The logs that are maintained by the organization must include network logs, user activity logs and device logs and these logs must be reviewed regularly by using automated applications. Advanced Password Managers with the involvement of senior management must be present. The users shall be informed about the difference between strong passwords and weak passwords. They shall be encouraged to use strong passwords and PIN codes for data protection. The employees must not be allowed to access the critical applications on their home connections or public networks. Training sessions and schedules must be set up and executed so that the employees are made aware of the activities to be done and security practices to be followed. Information Classification Analysis of Security The data that will be handled by Aztek has been classified in different categories with different security mechanisms. Data Classified Type of information included in this category Type of Damage that may be caused Security policies and strategies applicable Extremely Sensitive Information Information such as social security number of the clients and the staff members, bank account details and credential to access the accounts The security risks and their occurrence can be extremely dangerous as there may be legal punishments and penalties along with financial penalties that may be applied by the victim These are the most critical data sets and shall be protected by using preventive, detection, deterrent, corrective and recovery controls. Viewing rights shall be given to CIO, CEO and Data Administrator with no updates allowed (Morrow, 2012). Internal Information: Confidential in nature Project information that will be covered by the organization, contractual terms with the third parties The customers will feel cheated and will avoid any form of engagement with the organization with the occurrence of such security risks and attacks (Yoo, Park and Kim, 2012) The use of technical and administrative checks must be done for data protection. Access must be given to senior management and senior officials in the security team. Modification shall be allowed to be made only by the Data Admin. Private Information Sets Internal strategies and decisions with set of plans and policies. Demographic details of the employees and the clients The stakeholders will feel cheated and will avoid any form of engagement with the organization with the occurrence of such security risks and attacks The use of technical and administrative checks must be done for data protection with application of preventive, detective and corrective controls. Access must be given to senior management and senior officials in the security team. Modification shall be allowed to be made only by the Data Admin and the Security Manager. Public Information Sets Set of services and products that are provided by the organization, contact details The market reputation and brand image of Aztek may negatively suffer Stakeholders shall be able to access and modify the information after the confirmation by the Data Admin. These must be protected using detective and preventive controls. Table 2: Classification of the Data Sets Security Strategies Conclusion Bring Your Own Devices (BYOD) is scheme that has been approved and is soon going to be implemented in Aztek. The issues and specific risk areas and their control measures have been specified. The main aim of Aztek is to provide its clients with the reliable and good quality financial services. There are several stakeholders associated with the organization that are working to achieve this goal. The BYOD scheme is also an attempt to achieve the same as the employees would be more comfortable with their personal devices leading to better operational services and efficiencies. The project has been evaluated as feasible from the operational perspective along with technical, political and organizational aspects. The specific rules around finance industry will be applicable on the BYOD project as per the territory of operation by Aztek which would either be South Wales or it would be Australian Capital. Workplace Privacy Act 2011 is an act that defined the steps that an organization may ta ke to track and monitor the emails that are sent by the employees for sharing the organizational information. Telecommunications Act 1979 was defined to put a check on unwanted communication activities by tracking and monitoring the communication integrity. Other applicable acts and policies include NSW, ASIC guidelines and Privacy Act. In Aztek, employees will have the permission to get their devices as work. These devices will have varying properties and nature along with varied security capabilities and status. The application of a single policy to secure all these devices will not be a possibility. Therefore, development of suitable and proactive strategies will be required for the management and safety of all the devices and information. Issues around authority and ownership may also come up in this case. The process of security and risk management in Aztek must include the identification, protection of the assets, control of the access, identification of the incidents, respons e planning and data recovery. It will also be necessary to use advanced data protection and end-to-end security mechanisms. References Act (2016). Workplace Privacy Act 2011. [online] Available at: https://www.legislation.act.gov.au/a/2011-4/current/pdf/2011-4.pdf [Accessed 27 Sep. 2017]. Asic (2017). ASIC Home | ASIC - Australian Securities and Investments Commission. [online] Asic.gov.au. Available at: https://asic.gov.au/ [Accessed 27 Sep. 2017]. Beckett, P. (2014). BYOD popular and problematic. Network Security, 2014(9), pp.7-9. Blizzard, S. (2015). Coming full circle: are there benefits to BYOD?. Computer Fraud Security, 2015(2), pp.18-20. Coe (2011). Telecommunications (Interception and Access) Act 1979. [online] Rm.coe.int. Available at: https://rm.coe.int/1680304330 [Accessed 27 Sep. 2017]. Curran, K., Maynes, V. and Harkin, D. (2015). Mobile device security. International Journal of Information and Computer Security, 7(1), p.1. Gillies, C. (2016). To BYOD or not to BYOD: factors affecting academic acceptance of student mobile devices in the classroom. Research in Learning Technology, 24(1), p.30357. Kumar, R. and Singh, H. (2015). A Proactive Procedure to Mitigate the BYOD Risks on the Security of an Information System. ACM SIGSOFT Software Engineering Notes, 40(1), pp.1-4. Morrow, B. (2012). BYOD security challenges: control and protect your most sensitive data. Network Security, 2012(12), pp.5-8. Oaic (2014). Chapter 5: APP 5 Notification of the collection of personal information| Office of the Australian Information Commissioner - OAIC. [online] Oaic.gov.au. Available at: https://www.oaic.gov.au/agencies-and-organisations/app-guidelines/chapter-5-app-5-notification-of-the-collection-of-personal-information [Accessed 27 Sep. 2017]. Romer, H. (2014). Best practices for BYOD security. Computer Fraud Security, 2014(1), pp.13-15. Singh, M., Sin Siang, S., Ying San, O., Hassain Malim, N. and Mohd Shariff, A. (2014). Security Attacks Taxonomy on Bring Your Own Devices (BYOD) Model. International Journal of Mobile Network Communications Telematics, 4(5), pp.1-17. Stoecklin, M., Singh, K., Koved, L., Hu, X., Chari, S., Rao, J., Cheng, P., Christodorescu, M., Sailer, R. and Schales, D. (2016). Passive security intelligence to analyze the security risks of mobile/BYOD activities. IBM Journal of Research and Development, 60(4), pp.9:1-9:13. Tokuyoshi, B. (2013). The security implications of BYOD. Network Security, 2013(4), pp.12-13. Yoo, S., Park, K. and Kim, J. (2012). Confidential information protection system for mobile devices. Security and Communication Networks, 5(12), pp.1452-1461.

The First Thing That Struck Me About The Merry Wives Of Windsor Was Th

The first thing that struck me about The Merry Wives of Windsor was the appearance of some characters from Henry VI: Falstaff, Bardolph, Nym, and Pistol. The second thing that struck me was the complexity of the plot. Shakespeare is tough enough for me to understand on its own, without the introduction of a plots that twist and turn, and entwine each other like snakes. I wish I could see the play performed, because it seems like a delightful comedy, and I feel that seeing actual players going through the motions presented to me in the text would do wonders for my comprehension. This is my first play read outside of class, with no real discussion to help me through the parts that don't make a lot of sense the first time around. Fortunately, I found some resources on the web that provided synopses of Shakespeare's plays, and really aided my understanding of the play. The aforementioned plots reminded me of the plots common to Seinfeld, quite possibly the most glorious of television shows. Seinfeld always had at least two plots going per episode, and the outcome of one always seemed to have some effect on the outcome of the other. It seems that the original recipe for sitcoms is this: get two plots going side by side, near the end of the piece, smash them into each other, and then tie up all of the loose ends. This recipe is followed in The Taming of the Shrew (the two plots being the marriage of Petruchio and Katherine, and the wooing of Bianca), and again appears in the Merry Wives of Windsor (Falstaff's attempted wooing of the wives being one, and the impending marriage of Anne being the other.) It would be interesting to see if all of Shakespeare's comedies follow this same pattern, and if so, to see if previous playwrights used the same formula. The appearance of the characters from Henry VI, especially Falstaff, was also quite interesting. For some reason, seeing the other characters shared by the plays didn't do quite as much for me as seeing Falstaff. Perhaps I identify with Falstaff more than the others (a rather damning proposition, considering what I'm about to write), but I think it's more likely due to the fact that Falstaff is more prominent that the others. Knowing that Falstaff was a gay lover in Henry VI, and seeing him involved in obviously heterosexual pursuits, I was reminded of our conversation in class concerning the views of sex in Elizabethan times, compared to our current views on the subject. I feel that seeing Falstaff in this play gives me a lot more insight into the character Shakespeare was trying to create for his audiences than Falstaff's appearances that we have seen in class. Falstaff really gave me the impression of being a scoundrel in this play, plotting to commit adultery, and then add insult to injury by stealing money from the husbands of the adulterous wives. He's accused at the beginning of the play for getting Slender drunk to pick his purse, and he hires off his "friend" Bardolph as a bartender. Finally, as a result of all of this, Falstaff ends up the butt of a practical joke. Everyone ends up forgiving everyone else, and they all go home to live happily ever after, and laugh about the events they have just gone through. If that last sentence seems lacking, it's with reason. I was relatively disappointed with the way the play ended. It seemed to me like Shakespeare decided he was finished writing, and looked for the quickest way to end his play. It was one step better than the Greek's method of having one of the Gods come down from Olympus, and decide who married who, who died honorably, and who was damned to Hades. I felt that The Taming of the Shrew ended much more cohesively.

Master harold and the boys essays

Master harold and the boys essays Racist Attitudes and Their Influences in Master Harold ... and the boys We have all heard the saying that the rich keep getting richer while the poor keep getting poorer. This somewhat describes South Africa in the 1950s. During this time in Africa, the white people kept getting more powerful while the black population kept getting weaker. South Africas apartheid system gave powerful odds to the whites and created a racist society. In Master Harold ... and the boys, a book set around the 1950s and during the apartheid system, the racist attitudes from the apartheid system and Hallys parents affected how Hally treated Sam and Willie, who are black and work for Hallys mother. These attitudes over-shadowed the good relationship Sam and Hally had built through most of Hallys childhood. Apartheid was a system that deliberately set out to humiliate black people, even to the point of relegating them to separate benches, entails the danger of habitual indifference to the everyday detail that shape black and white relationship and finally, perverts them. (Durbach 69). South Africa passed laws and acts making the black peoples lives degrading and ensured the white superiority. Four laws were passed in 1950 which included the Population Registration Act, Group Areas Act, the Amendment to the Immorality Act, and the suppression of the Communism Act. These laws did several things including classified people by color, governed areas for living according to race and controlled ownership of property, prohibited sexual contact across racial lines, and removed due process of laws for blacks. (Durbach 69). Apartheid was used in South Africa because the whites, while a minority in the population, wanted to be in control of the government and society. The way anything that is smaller in size, and therefore weaker, is able to get power is through intimidation. The whites made themselves...

A directors duty to a corporation’s creditors

A directors duty to a corporations creditors Disclaimer: This work has been submitted by a student. This is not an example of the work produced by our Law Essay Writing Service . You can view samples of our professional work here . A directors duty to a corporation’s creditors Introduction In this chapter we will look at two related issues; how the somewhat nebulous duties discussed in the previous chapter operate to protect creditors interests and drawing on theoretical writing on corporate governance analyse the extent to which there is potential for conceptual and actual conflicts of interest. The issues that this dissertation attempts to answer are pertinent to the core of corporate governance and therefore I will initially attempt to outline a conceptual background to the debate within this chapter. Theories of Corporate Governance The legal framework within which the Corporation as a social entity operates is informed by a vast and at sometimes incomprehensible corpus of economic theory. An understanding of the role of the corporation will give us an understanding of the objective norm by which we are assessing our current legal rules that regulate the relationships of three of the major corpo rate constituents: Creditors, Shareholders and Directors. Boatright outlines in his introduction the importance of the modern conception of the corporation to corporate law: ‘ The modern theory of the firm, which is central to finance and corporate law, views the corporation as a nexus of contracts between the various corporate constituencies. Upon this foundation finance theory and corporate law postulate shareholder wealth as the objective of the firm ’ [1] A problematic issue for Corporate Law is that situations of Insolvency challenge the primacy of shareholder wealth maximisation in favour of creditor protection. It causes many scholars in the legal profession to go back to the roots of why ought corporations be shareholder wealth maximising? And furthermore why does it hold such ideological weight? Undoubtedly shareholders are one of the most important parties in the contractual nexus of a corporation; they provide ready capital, hold a claim on resi dual assets and bear the residual risk of corporate failure. However their integral role per se doesn’t justify their primacy in corporate law and theory. Boatright summarises the main argument for shareholder primacy: Only those who bear the residual risk are appropriate for making discretionary decisions as to wealth-maximisation. If employees, bondholders and perhaps creditors had control they would tend to favour decisions that maximise their fixed-claim, this could mean that less-profitable decisions would be taken. Even managers and directors will have separate agendas and avoid profitable ventures if it was likely to increase risk to them or reduce their power. Only shareholders that bear flexible and varying costs and benefits are in the position to make purely profit-maximising decisions. In a legal sense this special interest of the shareholders is protected through the operation of fiduciary duties to shareholders, such theories argue that no other part y in the corporate contractual nexus would benefit from the arrangement as much and therefore shareholders are more willing to pay for the privilege of having their interests protected whereas creditors and other parties would rather not have their interests tied as closely to the corporations performance as closely. A good example of the distinctive nature of shareholder and director relations can be viewed when we consider the contract of employment. An employee of a firm does not benefit from a fiduciary duty to maximise profits in various ways as such a duty could prejudice them in many ways such as reducing their pay and lengthening their hours. They would prefer a more fixed contractual relationship. The welfare of society is maximised through this corporate arrangement because it is viewed as the most efficient arrangement but by no means the only arrangement other examples can be employee-owned corporations and most pertinent to this dissertation the role of creditors intere sts. This work is looking at one aspect of the contractual nexus and whether the balance between shareholder and creditor interests is both ethical and practical. Interrelated into this task are other conceptual questions that we are forced to confront.

Report and roadmap about an emerging technology Essay

Report and roadmap about an emerging technology - Essay Example chnology roadmap that sets out key milestones and activities occurring in the course of developing the technology, milestones in technical development required in the future, and key activities for supporting future technical as well as commercial development of the project. In addition, other relevant factors for its past or its future are considered. The milestone in developing the artificial uterus can be attributed to development of the artificial placenta. A significant progress in the pump technology and the oxygenator has allowed the development of the artificial uterus to focus in the direction of the physiological role model in the coming years. Again, this development has been enhanced by the invention of the novel pump-less assist device. The milestones required in the technical development in the future include submersion, inflammatogenicity and thrombogenicity, and cannulation. These requirements are discussed further in the paper. They are initiated in the presence of various aspects that are considered in the development of the artificial uterus such as artificial endometrium, artificial placenta, and synthetic amniotic fluid. For the artificial endometrium, the interior lining of the uterus has to have the same features as the natural one. Regarding the artificial placenta, it has to in a position of developing on the endometrial wall or as an external device and its capacity has to allow nutrients, gaseous exchange and eliminate waste products. The synthetic amniotic fluid on the other hand would be considered an important component in the success of the project. Regarding its future market, the development of the artificial uterus is a safer way for women. Ladies will able to have children without the cost of labor pains or cesarean surgery scars. Moreover, it gives women, who have childbearing difficulties, the opportunity to have children. Women will have the liberty that would not have come with having a normal pregnancy, as keeping up with

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Discuss the social psychological approach in psychology and identify the kinds of questions that social psychologists attempt to answer. This essay will study what social psychology actually is and the debates within the field as well as the history and origins of social psychology. In addition to this it will then continue and look at what they study within this field and what types of questions to ask and what results they gain from this. The question of what social psychology actually is, is not something that is easy to answer as it has been regarded as a diverse and fragmented discipline that is divided by the battle between experimental and critical social psychology. This is based on whether it should be a science or not, the ideology and what constitutes the social world (Rogers,). It is regarded as an umbrella discipline in which many sub-disciplines sit under including biological, clinical and organisational. (Myers,) Many social psychologists argue that social psychology is a scientific study that investigates how others influence thoughts, behaviour and feeling (Hogg & Vaughan,). Theses are the experimental psychologists who try to find a cause effect relationship between two variables by testing hypotheses, whilst ensuring that all variables are operationalized in order to gain results that are valid and there are no confounding variables. They do this whilst in a controlled laboratory environment ensuring that no other factors could play a part and act as a confounding variable. Critical psychology on the other hand would argue that the scientific method to measure behaviour is not the only method that can be used. It argues that the scientific method if often unsuitable for studying certain aspects of peoples ... ...ing used as many were relying on experimental methods and the assumptions of positivists to produce explanations that were reductionist instead of holistic and looking at the whole environment and not just the person. The ideology was also criticised during this period as the values of individualism were arising rather than the sociologist ideology that had previously existed (Myers). Social psychologists have a range of different subject areas and topics that they can choose from when deciding what research they want to do, including; obedience, conformity, identity, communication and language, persuasion and influence. In addition to this there are two main theories that derive from social psychology, the first being behaviourism and the second being social learning theory. The first theory behaviourism, derived from Pavlovs work looking at operant conditioning

Pfizer company Analysis Essay

Introduction Pfizer is a pharmaceutical company that is here to help us have a better health. It was founded in (1849) by two cousins Charles Pfizer and Charles Erhart. It was made to discover and developing new ways to prevent and treat disease and also to improve health in the world. The company focuses on meeting the world help needs. Pfizer specializes in many medicines. They have medicines to help all health needs in the world. Throughout this report, I will be discussing all different kinds of medicines this company prescribes, the health and wellness of this company, the leadership and structure and many more important key points about Pfizer. I will also discuss the time line of this company on when events took place. Exploring the History of Pfizer Two cousins, Charles Pfizer and Charles Erhart from Germany open a small company with some money that was borrowed from Charles Pfizer father in (1849). Their first company was open in Brooklyn, New York in a section of Williamsburg. This small red brick building serves as everything, the office, warehouse, laboratory and the factory. Charles Pfizer was a chemist and Erhart was a confectioner and together they made their first product which was a palatable form of santonin. This product was an antiparasitic used to treat intestinal worms. The santonin was blend with almond-toffee flavoring and shape into a candy cone. It was a wonderful success and the company launch. (Pfizer 2009) In 1862, Pfizer launched its first domestic production of tartaric acid and cream of tartar. â€Å"Tartaric acid was used as a laxative and a skin coolant during the Civil War. The cream of tartar was a diuretic and a cleaning agent and also a vital drug to help meet the needs of the Union Army. Among these are iodine, morpahine, cholorform, camphor, and maercurials which are also used in the emerging field of photography.† (Pfizer 2009) By the (1968), the company doubles its side. It have increase it product line and also add 150 new employees. With the company growth, they buy a new building in Manhattan and moves it headquarters there. In (1880), the company started imported concentrates of lemon and lime which Pfizer begins manufacturing citric acid. They became the top producer of citric acid. Once the new drinks gain popularity; like Coca-Cola, Dr. Pepper and Pepsi-Cola, the demand for citric acid climbs the charts.  (Pfizer 2009) As the company double over the year, Pfizer opens an offices and warehouse in Chicago, Illinois, the first location outside the city limit of New York in (1882). On December 27, 1891, Charles Erhart dies and leaves a partnership worth over $250,000 to his son William. But in an agreement among Pfizer and Erhart, Pfizer could buy Erhart’s share at half inventory value. Pfizer became consolidating ownership of the company. (Pfizer 2009) â€Å"Pfizer files an official certificate of incorporation in the state of New Jersey, with authorized capital of $2 million divided into 20,000 shares of $100 each. Pfizer would remain a privately held company until June 22, 1942, when 240, 000 shares of new common stock were offered to the public. Charles Pfizer appointed his youngest son President at a special board meeting. Emile serves as President from (1906) to (1941) and briefly as Chairman in (1941). He was the last member of the family to be an activity member of the company. Charles Pfizer dies at the age of 82 while vacationing at his Newport, Rhode Island estate in 1906. The company has exceeded its sales to 3 million dollars by this time of Pfizer death. Once Pfizer dead, the board of director meets and name John Anderson as chairman of the company. Anderson first started working at Pfizer Inc as an office boy in (1873) and remained chairman until (1929) when he stepped down. (Pfizer 2009) A fermentation-free method of ascorbic acid was developed which was vitamin C. Pfizer was one of the biggest producers of vitamin C. Next came vitamin B-2, or riboflavin, and eventually develops a vitamin mix that includes riboflavin, thiamin, niacin, and iron. Pfizer had a miracle drug called penicillin. This drug was use for soldiers in the war. Pfizer receive an award on April 17, 1943 from the Army for it company’s contribution to the war. (Pfizer 2009) By the 1951, Pfizer have expanded its company in Belgium, Vrazil, Canada, Cuba, England, Mexico, Panama, and Puerto Rico. In (1952), Pfizer introduce an Agricultural Division of the company to offer anim al health problems in Terre Haute, Indiana. Pfizer also open another plant in England in (1955). This plant was a fermentation plant for research and development operations in Great Britain. The company was doing so well, they open another Pfizer pharmaceutical plant in Mexico, Italy, and Turkey. The company workers increase from 4,300 to over 7,000 workers in just one year. (Pfizer 2009) (In 1967), the company introduced its first one a day antibiotic called  Vibramycin (dozycycline hyclate). As the year over taken, Pfizer had a drug called Feldence that became one of the largest-selling prescription anti-inflammatory medications in the world. From 1984-1989, Pfizer had introduce four new drugs. The first drug was Glucotrol which is for diabetes. The next drug was Unasyn (ampicillin sulbasctam). It was an injectable antibiotic. They produced a medication for angina and hypertension which was Procardia XL that is a medication that you take once-a-day. (Pfizer 2009) In June (2001), Hank Mckinnell announces that Pfizer to become the world’s most valued company to patients, customers and the communities we live in everyday. He announced a commitment to fund the building of a regional treatment and training center on the campus of Makerere University in Kampala as part of the Academic Alliance for AIDS Care. As the years passed by, Pfizer announces the launch of a three-year initiative to provide grants to support training and capacity building for HIV/AIDS in developing countries in (2002). (Pfizer 2009) In 2003 research and development received over $7.1 billion of investment from Pfizer. They start on a new medication to treat migraines called Relpax. The US Food and Drug Administration approved the first treatment drug called Lyrica to treat neuropathic pain associated with diabetic peripheral neuropathy in two forms. This drug also helps treat adults with epilepsy with partial onset seizures. On October 15, 2009, Pfizer wanted to help the lives of the patients and consumers by creating a company with on training products and therapies. (Pfizer 2009) Pfizer Pfizer have three different section of within their company. Pfizer is a incorporation which is a public company that was established in 1849. It is there to discover, develops, manufactures and market human and animal pharmaceuticals drugs. The Pfizer Inc. Corporate Giving Program is a complement of its foundation. Its corporate makes charitable contributions to nonprofit organizations directly. But last not least, The Pfizer foundation supports programs designed to promote access to quality health care and support the involvement of Pfizer community colleagues. (National Directory of Corporate Giving) The foundation have special emphasis in four strategies. The first strategy is to improve health care for people in need. The second strategy is to teach individuals about health care and a  way to prevent things from happening to health care workers and individuals as a whole. Third strategy is to increasing the faculty of health organizations to provide care to people in need. But last, to measure the impact by serving partnership with experts to be able to share the best practice offer. (National Directory of Corporate Giving) Pfizer leadership and Structure This company is made up of the best senior level executive personnel and the best decision-making board member there is offer. This board was brought together to focus on the major decisions of the company. Pfizer had several kinds of health care businesses. Pfizer had businesses such as Capsugel, Oncoogy, Nutrition, and Animal Health. Each company was run by a top executive who had very good knowledge of the company and products. (Pfizer 2009) The Board of Directors is elected annually by shareholders. They are the decision-making body of the company with the help of the shareholders. The Board selects the senior management team, which is charged with the conduct of the Company’s business. The board currently has 16 directors. (Pfizer 2009) Corporate Governance Pfizer was the first company to establish a corporate governance department. Pfizer understand to be trusted by public, they must have a good corporate governance and transparency. Pfizer stated â€Å"In order to create and sustain value for our stakeholders, and for society as a whole, we must first practice responsible business principles.† â€Å"And, we must take into account our stakeholders’ interests and be held accountable to them.† As reading the quote above from Pfizer Company, it clearly states that public opinion matter the most to them. The company want to make sure everyone have some kind of involves with their business. (Pfizer 2009) Public Policy Pfizer has a public policy select in its company. That’s a way the company communicate to people who have a part in their company. The public will be able to have discussing about the company and its product. The public policy is made so that the public can response to item to help improve the company to have better product and also to introduce new product into the company. (Pfizer 2009) Phrases of Development Pfizer Company has four different phrases of clinical development which new drugs are developed through a series of trails. Phrase 1, the company have healthy individual to volunteer for an experiential medicine which is called investigational new drug. This medicine is design to cure a disease which the volunteer currently have. A low dose of this medication is administered to the individual with highly supervision. The volunteer is watch very closed to record it responds to the medication to measure the doses that is best for that individual. (Pfizer 2009) In the second phrase, the drug is watched much closer to see what method is best for the individual. The method can be ever an oral or injection method. These patients for this stage are highly recommended by doctors or is a patient that has the disease that the drug is believed to treat. Phrase 3 is basically checking the results of the experiment to make sure the drug is working properly. The last phrase gather all the result form the trail period to make sure everything when as occurring as plan. They gather all the information on the drug about any risk that could occur while testing this drug on individuals. (Pfizer 2009) Programs Pfizer have many grants that they give out to university, foundation and other organizations. Pfizer also have many programs within it company. I will list and discuss some of the programs:  ConnectHIV: The foundation supports programs designed to serve communicates that are disproportionately affected by HIV/AIDS through grants to 20 mid-sized AIDS service organizations in the 10 states of the US with the highest number of new AIDS cases. The program is designed to prevent new infections to high-risk populations and delay disease progression for those already infected by supporting ASOs that take a comprehensive approach to presentation, access to care, and treatment. (National Directory of Corporate Giving) Science in Schools: The foundation supports programs designed to improve education in communities around the world. Special emphasis is directed toward programs designed to build fully-equipped science labs and math classrooms to train local science teachers and develop initiatives to  encourage corporations and individuals to partner with local schools. It also helps teachers to study science in order to bring innovative knowledge and technology into the classroom. (National Directory of Corporate Giving) Volunteer Programs (PVP): The foundation awards grants up to $1,500 to performing arts groups, museums, agencies serving the elderly, schools, libraries, hospitals, and community health organizations which employees and retirees of Pfizer volunteer. (National Directory of Corporate Giving) Matching Gift: The foundation matches contributions made by employees and retirees of Pfizer to nonprofits organizations on a one for one basis. (National Directory of Corporate Giving)  Global Health Partnerships: Advancing Caner and Tobacco Control: The foundation support the partnership of public health in the areas of tobacco independence and oncology. It important is directed toward programs with impact serving as global models in improving cancer-related health outcomes, supporting cancer control and encouraging tobacco independence. Pfizer Animal Health Pfizer is one of the world leaders in Veterinary-prescription medicines. Pfizer supports the veterinarians and animal food producer in making sure food is healthy for animals. Making sure the food is healthy for the animal ensures they will live a longer live. Pfizer also help support the veterinary to prevent animal illness. Articles The next half of my research will be discussing articles that I have researched on about Pfizer found in different magazines. I will be at the best of my knowledge summary the article to assure your understanding. I will also attached copies of the article at the end of the paper. â€Å"Will Pfizer’s giveaway drugs polish its public image?† The first article I will summarize is â€Å"Will Pfizer’s giveaway drugs polish its public image? This article was much unexpected. Pfizer decided to have a giveaway on drugs to reconstruct their company in August 2009. They made this service available for people who have lost their jobs. Pfizer have helped people out before financial but not a giveaway drugs day. Other pharmaceutical  industry wants to do the same thing to help other out also. Pfizer believer this was a good way of letting the public now that curing the disease is the main thing that is important to their company. I believe this article surprise a lot of people all over the world. It was a good thing that Pfizer decide to giveaway drugs to help the people in needed. I think all pharmaceutical company should at least try this once a year to improve their rating of their company. If other company participates in these events, their sells will increase over time. It’s also important that other people are concern about your health as well as yourself. This giveaway made a lot of people happy expressly the one that could afford to buy these drugs on their own.

Case Study Diabetes Mellitus Type 2 - 2136 Words

Case Study #1: Diabetes Mellitus Type 2 Monay Link The University of Tampa Case Study #1: Diabetes Mellitus Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is an endocrine disorder that has the potential to affect various major organs throughout its progression. Diabetes Mellitus is divided into three common categories: type 1 diabetes mellitus, type 2 diabetes mellitus (non-insulin dependent), and gestational diabetes. Ninety percent of over 24 million people suffer from type 2 diabetes in the United States (Arcangelo Peterson, 2013). The pathophysiology of type 2 diabetes can be any combination of resistance to insulin, elevation in hepatic glucose production, or a pancreas that secretes less insulin than needed to control glucose levels†¦show more content†¦The gold standard for diagnosing type 2 diabetes is testing the hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), or the average of the body’s blood sugar over three months’ time (Arcangelo Peterson, 2013). Other diagnostic testing include the fasting plasma glucose or the oral glucose tolerance test. The fasting gluco se is a lab draw taken when the patient has fasted (nothing by mouth) for eight hours or more (Arcangelo Peterson, 2013). Oral glucose tolerance testing is typically only used in diagnosing gestational diabetes. Normal glucose values are variable to each diagnostic test. The fasting plasma glucose is defined as a normal reading of 100. Postload glucose, or the reading two hours after a meal, is normally 140. The American Diabetes Association recommends a blood glucose log that tests before meals and two hours after each meal (ADA, 2015). Arcangelo and Peterson (2013) define an impaired fasting glucose as a reading above 100 but below 126, or a two hour postload glucose of 140-200. These values indicate a pre-diabetic state. Repeat diagnostic testing at a different time is warranted in the diagnosing of diabetes (Arcangelo Peterson, 2013). 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